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Branches of psychology wikipedia History of Psychology. May 12, 2022 · Psychology as a medical discipline can be seen in Thomas Willis' reference to psychology (the "Doctrine of the Soul") in terms of brain function, as part of his 1672 anatomical treatise "De Anima Brutorum" ("Two Discourses on the Souls of Brutes"). Critical care medicine – focuses on life support and the intensive care of the seriously ill. Psychology is an extremely broad field, encompassing many different approaches to the study of mental processes and behavior. For instance, in Ancient Egypt, the Edwin Smith Papyrus contains an early description of the brain, and some speculations on its functions (described in a medical/surgical context) and the descriptions could be related to Imhotep who was the first Egyptian physician who anatomized and Neuropsychiatry is a branch of medicine dealing with mental disorders attributable to diseases of the nervous system. This non-exhaustive list contains many of the sub-fields within the field of psychology: Psychology is the study of people and the reasons for their behavior. C. Pages in category "Psychology" The following 180 pages are in this category Educational Psychology Educational psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of human learning. Most algae are eukaryotic, photosynthetic organisms that live in a wet environment. The Association for Psychological Science (APS), previously the American Psychological Society, is an international non-profit organization whose mission is to promote, protect, and advance the interests of scientifically oriented psychology in research, application, teaching, and the improvement of human welfare. Learn 18 psychological areas you can pursue, and their definition. This non-exhaustive list contains many of the sub-fields within the field of psychology: Psychology is the study of people and the reasons for their behavior. Musicology is traditionally divided into three branches: music history, systematic musicology, and ethnomusicology. Parapsychology is the study of alleged psychic phenomena (extrasensory perception, telepathy, precognition, clairvoyance, psychokinesis (also called telekinesis), and psychometry) and other paranormal claims, for example, those related to near-death experiences, synchronicity, apparitional experiences, etc. Clyde M. So far, there can be as many as 22 branches of psychology. While iconic figures such as Sigmund Freud, who explored the mysteries of the unconscious mind, and B. Pharmacology – Pharmacology is the branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drug action, [50] where a drug can be broadly defined as any human-made, natural, or endogenous (within the body) molecule which exerts a biochemical and/or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism. Cognitive linguistics is an interdisciplinary branch of linguistics, combining knowledge and research from cognitive science, cognitive psychology, neuropsychology and linguistics. Quantum mechanics – branch of physics dealing with physical phenomena where the action is on the order of the Planck constant. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Branches of psychology. Later in 1930 the Soviet Union employed sport psychology during the Cold War. C. The study of learning processes, from both cognitive and behavioral perspectives, allows researchers to understand individual differences in intelligence, cognitive development, affect, motivation, self-regulation, and self-concept, as well as their role in learning. It is a branch of philosophy and an interdisciplinary field closely associated with social sciences such as economics, sociology, anthropology, and psychology. [1] [2] [3] It is a multidisciplinary science that combines physiology, anatomy, molecular biology, developmental biology, cytology, psychology, physics, computer science, chemistry, medicine, statistics, and mathematical modeling to understand Cross-cultural psychology is differentiated from (but influences and is influenced by), cultural psychology, which refers to the branch of psychology that holds that human behavior is strongly influenced by cultural differences, meaning that psychological phenomena can only be compared with each other across cultures to a limited extent. The original article was at Tree of Knowledge System/Expert article by Gregg Henriques. This may involve looking at differences between collective and individualist cultures, for instance. For example, classical conditioning predicts that if a person associates a negative outcome with a stimuli they may develop a phobia or aversion of the Understand the intricacies to the science of the mind. I. invasive techniques). , but it was not officially recognized as a valid disorder until it finally classified by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1980. It has its scientific roots in the work of Charles Darwin and of American and German ornithologists of the late 19th and early 20th century, including Charles O. Abnormal psychology in clinical psychology studies the nature of psychopathology, its causes, and its treatments. Radiology is the branch of medicine that employs medical imaging to diagnose and treat disease. Contributions; Talk; Contents move to sidebar hide What links here; Related changes; Upload file; Special pages; Permanent link; Page information; Get shortened URL Behavioral economics is the study of the psychological (e. Oct 12, 2024 · Pages for logged out editors learn more. This list may not reflect recent changes . It has grown in popularity in the last few decades and is now an undergraduate course at many universities. Jan 23, 2025 · The four main branches of psychology are often defined as clinical psychology, behavioral psychology, cognitive psychology, and biopsychology. Educational psychology is a branch of psychology. The emergence of psychotraumatology as a field begins with the legitimization of PTSD as a psychological disorder. Physiological psychology is a subdivision of Pharmacology is biomedical science that helps in the branch of research to discover the characteristics of chemicals Abnormal psychology – is the scientific study of abnormal behavior in order to describe, predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of functioning. [1] About Category:Abnormal psychology and related categories: This category's scope contains articles about Abnormal psychology, which may be a contentious label May 15, 2024 · Cross-cultural psychology is a branch of psychology that looks at how cultural factors influence human behavior. Whitman , Oskar Heinroth , and Wallace Craig . Professionals in this branch of psychology focus on how injuries or illnesses of the brain affect cognitive and behavioral functions. Dilsaver is considered "the father of Christian psychology" according to the Catholic University of America, [6] but the authors of Psychology and the Church: Critical Questions/Crucial Answers suggest that Norman Vincent Peale pioneered the merger of the two fields. [1] The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to physiology: . There are a variety of psychology branches that people specialize in, as outlined below. Sociology – the study of society [1] using various methods of empirical investigation [2] and critical analysis [3] to understand human social activity, from the micro level of individual agency and interaction to the macro level of systems and social structure. Philosophy of psychology also closely monitors contemporary work conducted in cognitive neuroscience, cognitive psychology, and artificial intelligence, for example questioning whether psychological phenomena can be explained using the methods of neuroscience, evolutionary theory, and computational modeling, respectively. Psychophysics has been described as "the scientific study of the relation between stimulus and sensation" [1] or, more completely, as "the analysis of perceptual processes by studying the effect on a subject's experience or behaviour of systematically varying the The military is a group of individuals who are trained and equipped to perform national security tasks in unique and often chaotic and trauma-filled situations. They do not produce flowers. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. It has ancient roots, but was mostly developed in the 20th century. Psychology; Linguistics; Philosophy; Knowledge Management; Testimony; This section is a stub. [1] [2] It encompasses the branch of biology [3] that deals with the anatomy, biochemistry, molecular biology, and physiology of neurons and neural circuits. , physics, chemistry, and biology), which study the physical world; and the social sciences (e. It also encompasses cognition, and human behavior. More specifically, it is the Applied psychology uses human behavior to grab information to locate a main focus in an area that can contribute to finding a resolution. The psychology of self is the study of either the cognitive, conative or affective representation of one's identity, or the subject of experience. E. Thermodynamics – branch of physical science concerned with heat and its relation to other forms of energy and work. Industrial and organizational psychology (I-O psychology) "focuses the lens of psychological science on a key aspect of human life, namely, their work lives. ) subjects that are relied on for a majority of their studies. Until about the end of the 19th century, psychology was regarded as a branch of philosophy. మానసిక శాస్త్రము (ఆంగ్లం : Psychology సైకాలజీ) (గ్రీకు: Ψυχολογία Psychophysiology (from Greek ψῡχή, psȳkhē, "breath, life, soul"; φύσις, physis, "nature, origin"; and -λογία, -logia) is the branch of psychology that is concerned with the physiological bases of psychological processes. [1] While the term can technically be applied to the study of behaviour amongst all living organisms, it is nearly always used with reference to humans as the primary target of investigation (though animals may be studied in some instances, e. This page uses content from the English-language version of Psychology Wiki. In metaphilosophy and ethics, metaethics is the study of the nature, scope, ground, and meaning of moral judgment, ethical belief, or values. They are distinguished from the higher plants by a lack of true roots, stems or leaves. [1] Criticized as being a pseudoscience, the majority of mainstream scientists reject it. Main articles: Developmental psychology, Educational psychology, Evolutionary developmental psychology Mainly focusing on the development of the human mind through the life span, developmental psychology seeks to understand how people come to perceive, understand, and act within the world and how these processes change as they age. What links here; Related changes; Upload file; Special pages; Permanent link; Page information; Get shortened URL; Download QR code In Psychology: Pythagoras to Present, for example, John Malone writes: "Examinations of late twentieth-century textbooks dealing with "cognitive psychology", "human cognition", "cognitive science" and the like quickly reveal that there are many, many varieties of cognitive psychology and very little agreement about exactly what may be its domain. Cognitive psychology – Subdiscipline of psychology; Cognitive science – Interdisciplinary scientific study of cognitive processes; Computer-supported collaborative learning – Pedagogical approach; Education sciences; Educational psychology – Branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of human learning Family therapy (also called family counseling, family systems therapy, marriage and family therapy, couple and family therapy) is a branch of psychology that works with families and couples in relationships to help change and development. Algae are important as primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. Skinner, renowned for his behaviorist theories, are widely recognized, the history of psychology encompasses much more than the discoveries of these prominent individuals and dates back even further. Social psychiatry is a branch of psychiatry that focuses on the interpersonal and cultural context of mental disorder and mental well-being. De la prostitution dans la ville de Paris (Prostitution in the City of Paris), an early 1830s study on 3,558 registered prostitutes in Paris, written by Alexander Jean Baptiste Parent-Duchatelet (published in 1837, a year Cardiology – branch of medicine that deals with disorders of the heart and the blood vessels. Professionals in this area are involved in understanding, assessing, evaluating potential jurors, investigating crimes and crime scenes, conducting forensic investigations The term "legal psychology" distinguishes this practical branch of psychology Forensic psychology is a branch of forensic sciences and psychology which relates to the law. Cognitive neuroscience is a branch of both neuroscience and psychology, overlapping with disciplines such as behavioral neuroscience, cognitive psychology, physiological psychology and affective neuroscience. Community psychology is concerned with the community as the unit of study. [7] This branch of philosophy encompassed a wide range of fields, including disciplines like physics, chemistry, and biology. The text of both The Psychology Wiki and Wikipedia is available under the GNU Free Documentation License Many cultures throughout history have speculated on the nature of the mind, heart, soul, spirit, brain, etc. Cultural psychology is often confused with cross-cultural psychology. An academic discipline or field of study is known as a branch of knowledge. , economics, psychology, and sociology), which The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy organizes scholars from around the world in philosophy and related disciplines to create and maintain an up-to-date reference work. This book referred to natural philosophy in A way to improve developmental psychology is a representation of cross-cultural studies. Nuclear physics – field of physics that studies the building blocks and interactions of atomic The branches of science, also referred to as sciences, scientific fields or scientific disciplines, are commonly divided into three major groups: Formal sciences : the study of formal systems , such as those under the branches of logic and mathematics , which use an a priori , as opposed to empirical , methodology . A scholar's discipline is commonly defined by the university faculties and learned societies to which they belong and the academic journals in which they publish research. R. Cross-cultural psychologists might also look at how cultures vary in terms of emotion, personality, or child development. Experimental psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on experimental design and the study of psychology in research settings. " [6] [7] See also [] Völkerpsychologie is a method of psychology that was founded in the nineteenth century by the famous psychologist, [1] Wilhelm Wundt. [12] Behaviorism is a systematic approach to understand the behavior of humans and other animals. [4] [2] [3] Cognitive neuroscience relies upon theories in cognitive science coupled with evidence from neurobiology, and computational Positive psychology has practical applications in various fields related to education, workplace, community development, and mental healthcare. [1] The discipline is mainly concerned with the mechanisms by which language is processed and represented in the mind and brain; that is, the psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, comprehend, and produce language. May 15, 2024 · There are many different branches of psychology that study the brain, mind, and behavior. Historical musicologists study the history of musical G. Moral psychology, Descriptive ethics, Value theory; Aesthetics The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the discipline of sociology: . Legal psychology is a field focused on the application of psychological principles within the legal system and its interactions with individuals. Psychometrics – field of study concerned with the theory and technique of psychological measurement, which includes the measurement of knowledge, abilities, attitudes, personality traits, and educational measurement. Behavioural science is the branch of science concerned with human behaviour. Pages in category "Interdisciplinary branches of psychology" The following 16 pages are in this category, out of 16 total. Browse a Random page in this category. Clinical psychology is an integration of human science, behavioral science, theory, and clinical knowledge for the purpose of understanding, preventing, and relieving psychologically-based distress or dysfunction and to promote subjective well-being and personal development. Subcategories This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. Forensic psychology is the use of psychological practices and principles and applying them to the legal system, mainly in court. Just better. In 1960 sport psychology becomes part of the US and expanded to the whole world. The psychology field in general assumes that "basic" human developments are represented in any population, specifically the Western-Educated-Industrialized-Rich and Democratic (W. Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that examines the basic structure of reality. This category may require frequent maintenance to avoid becoming too large. Forensic psychology is the application of scientific knowledge and methods (in relation to psychology) to assist in answering legal questions that may arise in 2012 phenomenon – a range of eschatological beliefs that cataclysmic or otherwise transformative events would occur on or around 21 December 2012. In 1986 the American Psychological Association recognized Sport psychology as a branch of Psychology and in 1993 British Psychology Society formed a sport and exercise psychology section. Symptoms of PTSD have been continuously reported in the context of war since the 6th century B. School psychology is a branch of psychology focused on the emotional, social, and academic well-being of students within educational settings, utilizing psychological principles to address learning and behavioral challenges. [16] More specifically, this study is applied in the area of criminal psychology. (7) समाज मनोविज्ञान (Social Psychology) (8) शिक्षा मनोविज्ञान (Educational Psychology) (9) संज्ञात्मक मनोविज्ञान (Cognitive Psychology) (10) असामान्य मनोविज्ञान (Abnormal Psychology) Psycholinguistics or psychology of language is the study of the interrelation between linguistic factors and psychological aspects. [1] [2] Modern science is typically divided into two or three major branches: [3] the natural sciences (e. [1] It examines the way in which the natural environment and our built environments shape us as individuals. [1] Value theory is the study of values. These situations can include the front-lines of battle, national emergencies, counter-terrorism support, allied assistance, or the disaster response scenarios where they are providing relief-aid for the host populations of both Main page; Contents; Current events; Random article; About Wikipedia; Contact us Sex manuals have existed since antiquity, such as Ovid's Ars Amatoria, the Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana, the Ananga Ranga, and The Perfumed Garden for the Soul's Recreation. [1] [2] It assumes that behavior is either a reflex elicited by the pairing of certain antecedent stimuli in the environment, or a consequence of that individual's history, including especially reinforcement and punishment contingencies, together with the individual's current motivational state and Biological anthropology, also known as physical anthropology, is a natural science discipline concerned with the biological and behavioral aspects of human beings, their extinct hominin ancestors, and related non-human primates, particularly from an evolutionary perspective. This date was regarded as the end-date of a 5,126-year-long cycle in the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar and as such, festivities to commemorate the date took place on 21 December 2012 in countries where the Maya civilization had formerly For example, biological psychology is considered a natural science with a social scientific application (as is clinical medicine), social and occupational psychology are, generally speaking, purely social sciences, whereas neuropsychology is a natural science that lacks application out of the scientific tradition entirely. Psychology is the study of the mind, how it works, and how it might affect behavior Environmental psychology is a branch of psychology that explores the relationship between humans and the external world. [1] Models and theoretical accounts of cognitive linguistics are considered as psychologically real, and research in cognitive linguistics aims to help understand Quantitative psychology is: . Psych) in clinical neuropsychology. Psychophysics quantitatively investigates the relationship between physical stimuli and the sensations and perceptions they produce. [1] The main part of forensic psychology is working with the criminal justice system. The field of psychology has a rich and varied history. Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system (the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system), its functions, and its disorders. You can help by adding to it. Also known as algology, phycology is a branch of life science. Parapsychology is the use of scientific methods to study paranormal psychological phenomena, such as extra-sensory perception, psychokinesis, and survival of consciousness after death. However, the number of psychology branches and subfields varies depending on how they are categorized. This contrasts with most psychology, which focuses on the individual. Intercultural References [] In Indian philosophy, the Sanskrit term for the equivalent branch of study is "pramana. [ 1 ] It has two "faces", the scientific and the humanistic. The earliest form of the Self in modern psychology saw the emergence of two elements, I and me, with I referring to the Self as the subjective knower and me referring to the Self as a subject that is known. the study of methods and techniques for the measurement of human attributes, the statistical and mathematical modeling of psychological processes, the design of research studies, and the analysis of psychological data. An academic discipline or field of study is a branch of knowledge, taught and researched as part of higher education. In general, the goals of I-O psychology are to better understand and optimize the effectiveness, health, and well-being of both individuals and organizations. Narramore had a major impact on the field of Christian Neuropsychology is a branch of psychology concerned with how a person's cognition and behavior are related to the brain and the rest of the nervous system. In Ethology is a branch of zoology that studies the behaviour of non-human animals. F. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Even though both fields influence each other, cultural psychology is distinct from cross-cultural psychology in that cross-cultural psychologists generally use culture as a means of testing the universality of psychological processes rather than determining how local cultural practices shape psychological processes. [1] [2] Although studying many of the same substantive topics as its counterpart in the field of psychology, sociological social psychology places more emphasis on society, rather than the individual; the influence of social structure and culture on Personality psychology – the branch of psychology that studies personality and individual differences. Below are the major areas of inquiry that comprise psychology, divided into fields of research psychology and fields of applied psychology. Science is a systematic discipline that builds and organises knowledge in the form of testable hypotheses and predictions about the universe. See full list on explorepsychology. This domain of psychology aims to enrich individuals' lives by promoting well-being and fostering positive experiences and characteristics, thus contributing to a more fulfilling and meaningful life. If a prediction is not confirmed, then the explanation it is based on might need to be revised. Branches of psychology are specialized fields or areas of study within psychology, like clinical psychology, developmental psychology, or school psychology. Of course, the definition of what constitutes 'abnormal' has varied across Musicology research combines and intersects with many fields, including psychology, sociology, acoustics, neurology, natural sciences, formal sciences and computer science. Physiology – scientific study of the normal function in living systems. g. Learn how the many branches of psychology differ from one another and how and where they overlap. [2] Neuroscience has multiple concepts that each relate to learning abilities and memory functions. All structured data from the file namespace is available under the Creative Commons CC0 License; all unstructured text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. Oct 2, 2018 · This page was last edited on 2 October 2018, at 06:55. Feb 1, 2018 · Learn how psychology compares to other sciences and find out about the various branches of psychology. It is one of the three branches of ethics generally studied by philosophers, the others being normative ethics (questions of how one ought to be and act) and applied ethics (practical questions of right behavior in given, usually contentious, situations). Branches of psychology (2 C, 19 P) C. D. Pages in this category should be moved to subcategories where applicable. Aug 17, 2023 · Psychology approaches refer to theoretical perspectives or frameworks used to understand, explain, and predict human behavior, such as behaviorism, cognitive, or psychoanalytic approaches. Quite the same Wikipedia. [1] A branch of biology, its focus is in how organisms, organ systems, organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out the chemical or physical functions that exist in a living system. Reliability engineering is the study of the ability of a system or component to perform its required functions under stated conditions for a specified period of time. It is traditionally seen as the study of mind-independent features of the world, but some theorists view it as an inquiry into the conceptual framework of human understanding. cognitive, behavioral, affective, social) factors involved in the decisions of individuals or institutions, and how these decisions deviate from those implied by traditional economic theory. Community psychology also studies the community as a context for the individuals within it, [1] and the relationships of the individual to communities and society. " To become a clinical neuropsychologist in Australia requires the completion of a 3-year Australian Psychology Accreditation Council (APAC) approved undergraduate degree in psychology, a 1-year psychology honours, followed by a 2-year Masters or 3-year Doctorate of Psychology (D. Also called axiology, it examines the nature, sources, and types of values. For instance, natural philosophy was a major branch of philosophy. With the knowledge obtained from applied research, studies are conducted on criminals alongside their behavior to apprehend Clinical psychology is a health discipline concerned with the biopsychosocial study of the mind, brain, behavior and the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of psychological disorders. " Quantitative psychology is the science of statistically explaining and changing mental processes and behaviors in humans. [8] An example of this usage is the 1687 book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica by Isaac Newton. However, the term was first coined by post-Hegelian social philosophers Heymann Steinthal and Moritz Lazarus. In sociology, social psychology (also known as sociological social psychology) studies the relationship between the individual and society. Dentistry – branch of medicine that deals with treatment of diseases in the oral cavity; Dermatology – branch of medicine that deals with the skin List of branches of psychology. It should directly contain very few, if any, pages and should mainly contain subcategories. com May 15, 2024 · There are many different branches of psychology that study the brain, mind, and behavior. [1]. Cognition (6 C, 29 P) Consciousness (15 P) E. Psychology aims to be able to predict future behavior from the findings of empirical research. These courses involve A baby thinking. lmwysk aeqkdf zply wwflqv ebbq uleo khhy bvtpzh xodb voxf xznlr ptzbux bfumztfm yluezvh aes